JavaScript For Loop
Loops can execute a block of code a number of times.
JavaScript Loops
Loops are handy, if you want to run the same code over and over again, each time with a different value.
Often this is the case when working with arrays:
Instead of writing:
text += cars[0] + "<br>";
text += cars[1] + "<br>";
text += cars[2] + "<br>";
text += cars[3] + "<br>";
text += cars[4] + "<br>";
text += cars[5] + "<br>";
You can write:
for (let i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {
text += cars[i] + "<br>";
}
Try it Yourself »
Different Kinds of Loops
JavaScript supports different kinds of loops:
| Loop Type | Description |
|---|---|
| for | Iterates over values and expressions |
| while | Iterates over a condition |
| do...while | Iterates over a condition |
| for...in | Iterates over the properties of an Object |
| for...of | Iterates over array like objects |
| forEach() | Iterates over each element in an Array |
The For Loop
The for statement creates a loop with 3 optional expressions:
for (expr1; expr2; expr) {
// code block to be executed
}
exp1 is executed one time before the execution of the code block.
exp2 defines the condition for executing the code block.
exp3 is executed every time the code block has been executed.
exp1 sets a variable before the loop starts (let i = 0).
exp2 defines the condition for the loop to run (i must be less than 5).
exp3 increases a value (i++) each time the code block has been executed.
Loop Scope
In the first example, let i = 5; is declared outside the loop.
In the second example, let = 0;, is declared inside the loop.
When a variable is declared with let or const
inside a loop, it will only be visible within the loop.
The While Loop
The while loop loops through a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.
Syntax
while (condition) {
// code block to be executed
}
Example
In the following example, the code in the loop will run, over and over again, as long as a variable (i) is less than 10:
Note
If you forget to increase the variable used in the condition, the loop will never end.
This will crash your browser.
The Do While Loop
The do while loop is a variant of the while loop.
The do while loop will
execute the code block once, before checking if the condition is true, then it will
repeat the loop as long as the condition is true.
Syntax
do {
// code block to be executed
}
while (condition);
Note
The do while runs at least once, even if the condition is false from the start.
This is because the code block is executed before the condition is tested:
Do not forget to increase the variable used in the condition, otherwise the loop will never end!
